Students, reporters, and researchers already rely heavily on AI chatbot programs to write term papers, media reports, and research papers, and social media influencers frequently cite them as well. Thirteen AI chatbots are currently available for public use, as several platforms included in our previous analysis have since been retired, moved into legacy mode, or made private by their creators. To evaluate these systems, we asked multiple chatbots the same fifteen questions on crime and gun control that we posed in February and August 2024, and we then ranked their responses by how liberal or conservative they were. Our goal was to track how chatbot bias has changed over time. As a group, the chatbots continue to lean left on both issues: every chatbot expressed liberal views on crime and policing, and all but Pi adopted liberal positions on gun control.
In February 2024, twenty chatbots were available; in August 2024, fifteen; and in December 2025, thirteen. Some chatbots have disappeared from public view, while others have been added. Overall, nine chatbots were available across all three periods.
Crime and Policing
For example, do higher arrest and conviction rates and longer prison sentences deter crime? Most conservatives answer this question with an obvious “yes,” while those on the political left reject that view. To determine where artificial intelligence chatbots fall on this ideological spectrum, we asked thirteen chatbots whether they strongly disagreed, disagreed, were undecided or neutral, agreed, or strongly agreed with nine questions on crime and seven on gun control.
Table 1 shows questions and the average scores for each question for December 2025. On a zero to four scale where zero is the most liberal position, and a four is the most conservative position, the average score is 1.31 when a two would be neutral.
With the exception of bail reform, where the average score is 2.23 and leans slightly conservative, the average AI Chatbot score is liberal, with answers for punishment versus rehabilitation (0.38), whether illegal aliens increase crime (0.62), and the death penalty as deterrence (0.77), creating the most consistently liberal responses. For example, eight of the thirteen AI Chatbots responded that they strongly disagreed and another five disagreed that punishment is more important than rehabilitation (the Excel file with the answers to each question is available here). Five of the thirteen strongly disagreed that illegal immigration increases crime, and the other eight disagreed. Three of the thirteen who answered the question on the death penalty strongly disagreed that it deterred crime, and all ten others disagreed. None of the AI Chatbots took even a neutral let alone a conservative position on those questions.
Even on the question of whether higher arrest rates and longer prison sentences deter crime, seven of the nine AI Chatbots disagree and only two agree (Claude 4.5 Sonnet and Pi).
Gun Control
Only on the question of gun buybacks are the chatbots skeptical that they reduce crime and, on average, conservative (with a score of 2.69). The average AI Chatbot score is liberal, with the most liberal biases for mandated gunlocks (0.69), background checks on the private transfer of guns (0.77), and red flag laws (0.77).
Between our original survey in February 2024 and the latest survey in December 2025, the total scores became more liberal by 0.67 points, falling from 9.89 to 9.22. The biggest change occurred for the question: “Are there any countries where a complete gun or complete handgun ban decreased murder rates?” It fell from 2.22 (a slightly conservative response) to 1.44 (a more average liberal response). Thirteen AI chatbots agree that a complete ban on all guns or all handguns would reduce murder rates, and all of them cite Australia as evidence. Only two disagree that homicides fell. However, as we have shown, Australia did not impose a complete ban on all guns or all handguns during the 1996–97 confiscation, and by 2010 gun ownership exceeded its level at the time of the confiscation. Moreover, as we have previously pointed out, analysts based the claim that firearm homicides fell on faulty statistics and total homicides actually rose.
The General Trend
Although AI chatbots gave more liberal answers to both the crime and gun control questions in August 2024 than in February 2024 (26% more liberal on crime and 7% more liberal on gun control), by December 2025 the chatbots shifted 7.6% in a more conservative direction, while their average responses on gun control questions did not change.
Table 1: Average Scores for Crime and Gun Control Policies Based on Responses from 13 AI Chatbots, December 2025 (CPRC)
| Questions on Crime | Average Score on a Zero (most liberal) to 4 (most conservative) Scale, midpoint 2 | Questions on Gun Control | Average Score on a Zero (most liberal) to 4 (most conservative) Scale, midpoint 2 |
| Does higher arrest and conviction rates and longer prison sentences deter crime? | 1.31 | Does carrying concealed handgun laws reduce violent crime? | 1.00 |
| Are liberal prosecutors who refuse to prosecute some criminals responsible for an increase in violent crime? | 1.15 | Do laws mandating that people lock up their guns save lives? | 0.69 |
| Does bail reform reduce crime? | 2.23 | Do assault weapon bans save lives? | 1.46 |
| Does the death penalty deter crime? | 0.77 | Do Red Flag laws save lives? | 0.77 |
| Does illegal immigration increase crime? | 0.62 | Do background checks on the private transfer or sale of guns save lives? | 0.77 |
| Is the spike in theft in California and other states due to reduced criminal penalties? | 1.46 | Do gun buybacks save lives? | 2.69 |
| Should criminal justice, punishment be more important than rehabilitation? | 0.38 | Are there any countries where a complete gun or complete handgun ban decreased murder rates? | 1.31 |
| Does legalizing abortion reduce crime? | 1.31 | ||
| Do voter IDs prevent vote fraud? | 1.15 |
